What Is Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD)?Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a psychological disorder in which a person has a pattern of extreme emotionality and attention-seeking behavior. Its name comes from the word histrionic, which means “dramatic or theatrical." Show
In addition to displaying attention-seeking behavior, histrionic personality disorder is characterized by shallow emotions and manipulative behavior. It begins in early adulthood (when personality begins to form) and is obvious in different situations. Histrionic personality is one of 10 personality disorders recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), a manual used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental health conditions. Roughly 9% of the U.S. population has a personality disorder, with histrionic personality disorder appearing in somewhere between slightly less than 1% and 3% of Americans. Histrionic personality disorder is classified as a Cluster B personality disorder. This classification of personality disorders is characterized by the person being dramatic, overly emotional, and/or erratic. Symptoms of Histrionic Personality DisorderIf you're wondering whether you or someone you know may have histrionic personality disorder, its symptoms can include:
In some cases, someone may have histrionic personality disorder and not realize it because their way of thinking and behaving seems natural to them. They may also blame others for the challenges they face. Diagnosis of Histrionic Personality DisorderMany histrionic personality disorder symptoms are similar to those experienced with other psychiatric disorders and medical illnesses. Therefore, a health provider will likely first make a differential diagnosis to rule out other disorders or medical conditions that may be causing the person's symptoms. There is no stand-alone histrionic personality test that a provider can use to diagnose this condition. Instead, the DSM-5 indicates that a person must have five or more of the following signs or symptoms to be diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder:
Related ConditionsHistrionic personality disorder tends to co-occur with a few other mental health disorders. Related or co-occurring conditions include:
Histrionic Personality Disorder vs. BPDThere is a great deal of overlap between the features of histrionic personality disorder and borderline personality disorder (BPD). For instance, the conditions share similarities such as:
Because of these similarities, some experts believe that HPD may not actually be distinguishable from BPD. Yet, the DSM-5 disagrees. According to the DSM-5, "although borderline can also be characterized by attention-seeking, manipulative behavior, and rapidly shifting emotions, it is distinguished by self-destructiveness, angry disruptions in close relationships, and chronic feelings of deep emptiness and identity disturbance". Some clinicians also argue that the qualities of symptoms are different in histrionic personality disorder versus borderline personality disorder. Specifically, the rapidly shifting emotions in HPD are not experienced with the same depth and intensity as those in BPD. Despite predictions that the HPD diagnosis would be dropped in the DSM-5, it remains its own specific and unique diagnosis. Causes of Histrionic Personality DisorderThere is no singular or precise cause of histrionic personality disorder. It is believed that this mental health condition is more so the result of a combination of genetic and environmental influences.
Risk FactorsSeveral factors have been found to increase a person's risk of developing a personality disorder. Some of these risk factors include:
Treatment for Histrionic Personality DisorderThere is currently no cure for histrionic personality disorder. However, individuals with this condition can lead productive lives and their outlook is good, particularly if they engage in psychotherapy (talk therapy). Treatment may also include medications, along with lifestyle changes. PsychotherapyPsychotherapy can be effective in treating histrionic personality disorder. For instance, one study of 159 patients with HPD found that clarification-oriented psychotherapy helped reduce patients' symptoms and improved their relationship processes. Group therapy and family therapy are generally not recommended for people with histrionic personality disorder. This is because
some of their symptoms—such as seeking attention and exaggerating symptoms—may be triggered or worsened in a group atmosphere. MedicationThere are no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of histrionic personality disorder. Although, some medicines may be used to treat affective dysregulation that can accompany this disorder, including mood swings, anger, tearfulness, anxiety, and depression. Alternative TherapiesMindfulness techniques such as yoga, tai chi, and biofeedback may also help people with personality disorders. They work by making it easier to control their inner feelings, also providing positive effects for impulsivity and emotional reactivity. Complications of Histrionic Personality DisorderPeople with histrionic personality disorder can have trouble maintaining close relationships with others due to their behaviors. HPD is also associated with higher rates of bullying behaviors and internet addiction. People with a personality disorder don't always recognize the effects of their behaviors on others. This can lead to distress in various areas of their life beyond their relationships, negatively impacting them socially as well as in the workplace. At the same time, not all effects of histrionic personality disorder are negative. Males with HPD often report better sexual functioning, for example, and this condition may also provide beneficial effects such as
lower levels of loneliness and social anxiety. Coping With Histrionic Personality DisorderHistrionic personality disorder often goes underdiagnosed and is undertreated. So, perhaps the best way to improve symptoms is to first identify them. Then, with appropriate treatment, you can learn to manage the symptoms and come up with a self-care plan to improve your quality of life. Ways to cope with histrionic personality symptoms include:
For Loved OnesIf a friend or family member has histrionic personality disorder, it is important to encourage that person to seek help. Without professional treatment, it is unlikely that the symptoms (and their related impacts on relationships) will improve. It can also be helpful to learn as much as you can about HPD. This can help you better understand histrionic personality, also giving you the information you need to better support your loved one. Frequently Asked Questions
How do you deal with someone with histrionic personality disorder?You can offer support to a loved one who has HPD by:. Setting boundaries. ... . Knowing when to distance yourself. ... . Telling them you care for them. ... . Encouraging them to evaluate their actions. ... . Keeping calm when they become excited or act in dramatic ways. ... . Communicating. ... . Offering to go to couples counseling or family therapy.. What happens when you ignore a histrionic?Recurrent attention-seeking behaviors may lead you to believe that ignoring a histrionic personality is the only way to go. But, ignoring your partner with a histrionic personality may increase their emotional distress and, in turn, increase the chance of more attention-seeking and overdramatic behaviors.
Can someone with histrionic personality disorder have a healthy relationship?In addition to difficulty maintaining romantic relationships, someone with HPD may have trouble keeping close friendships of the same sex. People are often put off by the sexual behavior of a friend with histrionic personality disorder because it can seem threatening to the friend's romantic relationship.
Are histrionic people manipulative?Persons with histrionic personality disorder can be charming, expressive, and dramatic. They tend to seek attention, and they can be manipulative to maintain the interest of others. They may use behavior, including seductive sexual behavior, suicide attempts, or even physical illness, to obtain your attention.
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