Unit 3 progress check frq ap biology

AP English Literature and CompositionScoring Guide

Unit 3 Progress Check: FRQ

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1.The following excerpt is from

Lucy: A Novel

by Jamaica Kincaid (published in 1990). In this

passage, Lucy, a young woman from the Caribbean, is talking to Mariah, an American woman.

Lucy has recently come to the United States to work for Mariah as the family’s au pair (an

arrangement in which she assists the family with childcare and other household duties in

exchange for room and board). Read the passage carefully. Write a thesis statement that you

would use for an essay that analyzes how Kincaid uses literary elements and techniques to explore

the conflict that arises from the complex interaction of Lucy and Mariah’s different values. Write

a paragraph in support of your thesis that uses at least one piece of evidence from the text.

In your response you should do the following:

Respond to the prompt with a thesis that presents an interpretation and may establish a line of

reasoning.

Select and use evidence to develop and support your line of reasoning.

Explain the relationship between the evidence and your thesis.

Use appropriate grammar and punctuation in communicating your argument.

One morning in early March, Mariah said to me, “You have never seen spring, have you?” And she did

not have to await an answer, for she already knew. She said the word “spring” as if spring were a close

friend, a friend who had dared to go away for a long time and soon would reappear for their passionate

reunion. She said, “Have you ever seen daffodils pushing their way up out of the ground? And when

they’re in bloom and all massed together, a breeze comes along and makes them do a curtsy to the lawn

stretching out in front of them. Have you ever seen that? When I see that, I feel so glad to be alive.”

And I thought, So Mariah is made to feel alive by some flowers bending in the breeze. How does a

person get to be that way?

I remembered an old poem I had been made to memorize when I was ten years old and a pupil at Queen

Victoria Girls’ School. I had been made to memorize it, verse after verse, and then had recited the

whole poem to an auditorium full of parents, teachers, and my fellow pupils. After I was done,

everybody stood up and applauded with an enthusiasm that surprised me, and later they told me how

nicely I had pronounced every word, how I had placed just the right amount of special emphasis in

places where that was needed, and how proud the poet, now long dead, would have been to hear his

words ringing out of my mouth. I was then at the height of my two-facedness: that is, outside I seemed

one way, inside I was another; outside false, inside true. And so I made pleasant little noises that

showed both modesty and appreciation, but inside I was making a vow to erase from my mind, line by

line, every word of that poem. The night after I had recited the poem, I dreamt, continuously it seemed,

that I was being chased down a narrow cobbled street by bunches and bunches of those same daffodils

that I had vowed to forget, and when finally I fell down from exhaustion they all piled on top of me,

until I was buried deep underneath them and was never seen again. I had forgotten all of this until

Mariah mentioned daffodils, and now I told it to her with such an amount of anger I surprised both of

us. We were standing quite close to each other, but as soon as I had finished speaking, without a second

of deliberation we both stepped back. It was only one step that was made, but to me it felt as if

something that I had not been aware of had been checked.

AP Bio Free Response Question for Glycolysis

Copyright: CollegeBoard, 2015

FRQ Writing Samples & Feedback

FRQ Practice Sample 1

A) The catabolism of glucose in glycolysis gives the NAD+ the Hydrogen it needs to later be turned into ATP. Oxidation breaks bonds which also releases energy. The formation of a proton gradient by the electron transport chain keeps the ionic Hydrogens on the outside of the cell so that they go through the ATP synthase channel to be turned into ATP. B) Nearly all organisms perform glycolysis because all living organisms have cytosol which it takes place in and if the organism is not in an oxygen rich environment glycolysis can still take place because it takes place in anerobic conditions. These factors of glycolysis point to the fact that the common ancestor of all organisms that would have survived in anerobic conditions with minamal complexity, no membrane bound organels, would have been able to undergo glycolysis to unlock energy. C) The energy available from 30 moles of ATP is 219 kcal. The efficiency of total ATP production from one mole of glucose is 693.3 kcal. When excess energy is released it is stored in long term storage units, in animals the energy can be stored as glycogen in plants it can be stored as starch. D) My scientific question is, was mitochondria its own bacteria, with enzymes in its cytosol, that developed a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic cells, and then evolved to be produced and live inside of the cells as organelles.

Teacher feedback:

a) Points awarded: 1 --> For your first statement, you need to be more specific about how NAD+ and Hydrogen (which is NADH) will later be used to make ATP because NADH doesn’t turn into ATP itself. You need to mention that the NADH from glycolysis carries the electrons that will be used in the electron transport chain (ETC), which then provides ATP. Similarly, for the second statement, you need to be specific and say that the oxidation releases energized electrons that will be used in the ETC to then make ATP. Remember to show how these small steps contribute to the main steps of ATP synthesis. Your third answer is great. Just remember that the Hydrogen ions are still within the mitochondria but just in the intermembrane space, rather than outside of the cell.

b) Points awarded: 2 --> Awesome job hitting two of the facts: 1) the fact that glycolysis can function in anaerobic conditions and that the common ancestor’s environment is oxygen-free and 2) the fact that glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm so organisms with no membrane-bound organelles can do it. However, you need to use the fact that all organisms perform glycolysis to show that the trait originated from a common ancestor who then passed it down to offspring.

c) Points awarded: 1 --> Your first answer is great. For your second answer, remember that efficiency is (energy output)/(energy input). In the first part, you found that 30 moles of ATP has 219 kCal available, and the problem states that oxidation releases 686 kCal of energy. Thus, the efficiency = (219 kCal)/(686 kCal) = 31.9%. For your third answer, I believe you confused energy storage with excess energy storage. Excess energy is the leftover not used to make ATP, and it is released as heat (which is why mitochondria heat up!)

d) Points awarded: 1 --> Good answer! Relating the question to eukaryotic evolution was the best way to do that.

FRQ Practice Sample 2

a. The catabolism of glucose in glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation produces electron carriers in the form of NADH that will later be used in the electron transport chain to produce ATP. In a similar fashion, the oxidation of intermediates in the Krebs Cycle produces electron carriers in the forms of NADH and FADH2, which are again used in the electron transport chain. In the electron transport chain, the electrons are taken from NADH and FADH2 and their energy is used to pump hydrogen ions against their concentration gradient into the mitochondrian’s intermembrane space.

b. The fact that nearly all existing organisms perform glycolysis indicates that all species share a common evolutionary ancestor that possessed this same ability and then passed it on to its descendants. This is reinforced by the fact that glycolysis can occur anaerobically, indicating that glycolysis is likely an ancient metabolic function performed by the first living organisms on earth when atmospheric oxygen was low. Lastly, the fact that glycolysis only occurs in the cytosol supports this theory because the earliest living organisms on earth were likely prokaryotes and did not contain organelles.

c. The amount o energy available in the 30 ATP molecules produced by glucose metabolism is 219 kcal/mol, meaning that this process is about 32% energy efficient. The excess energy that is not stored in the form of ATP is given of as unusable heat as bonds between atoms are broken.

d. The fact that prokaryotes contain enzymes found in eukaryotic mitochondria poses the question, “Were mitochondria at some point prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by by larger cells, thus creating a beneficial mutual relationship?” This, being called the Endosymbiotic Theory is supported by the similarity of prokaryotic metabolic function to the metabolic functions of eukaryotic mitochondria.

Teacher feedback:

a) Points awarded: 2 --> Well-written answers! For your third point, you need to focus on explaining how the hydrogen ion concentration gradient explicitly relates to ATP formation rather than how it’s formed. All you need to do is add something about how the gradient causes H+ to go through ATP synthase, which uses the energy of the H+ to make ATP. Additionally, remember that the H+ ions go from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix.

b) Points awarded: 3 --> Perfect responses!

c) Points awarded: 3 --> Awesome job :)

d) Points awarded: 1 --> Try to include the given information in the question: “Since the Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria, were mitochondria at some point prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by larger cells, thus creating a beneficial mutual relationship?” Additionally, if you’re short on time, you don’t need to qualify the response–you can just write the question down.