“Women should be aware that if they have an irregular period, it can make the ovulation days difficult to determine.” Said Dr. Martinelli. “When examining fertility, it’s important to realize that an egg can survive for about 24 hours after ovulation, and sperm can live inside a woman’s body for three days—though sometimes it’s possible for them to survive for five days. “
How long should a normal menstrual cycle last?
An average menstrual cycle lasts 28 days, defined from the first day of menstrual bleeding to the first day of bleeding of the next period. However, irregular periods are very common. An irregular period is defined as a cycle that varies by more than seven to nine days.
There are several reasons why women may have abnormal periods, which can include fibroids, ovarian cysts, polyps, and even something as common as stress.
“If you’ve constantly had an irregular period, please contact us for an appointment to determine the underlying cause and initiate treatment,” said Dr. Martinelli.
When does ovulation start?
If you have a normal 28-day cycle, ovulation should occur about 14 days before you start your next period.
When can I become pregnant after my period?
If you have intercourse five days before ovulation until one day after ovulation, you can become pregnant. You’re much more likely to become pregnant if there are live sperm in the fallopian tubes during ovulation.
Fertility Awareness and Family Planning
Some women use fertility awareness as a method of natural birth control. One of the tools used is something called the Standard Days method. This establishes that if you have a period that is between 26 to 32 days long, days eight through 19 will be your most fertile days. However, this method is most effective when you have regular menstrual cycles.
If a woman has a regular period and uses the method perfectly, less than one to five women out of 100 will become pregnant. However, the key words here are “perfect use.” The typical use rate is different. Typical use means that the methods may be done incorrectly or measured inconsistently. In the first year of this typical use, 12 to 24 women out of 100 will become pregnant. (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)
Infertility Treatments
For those who are struggling with the challenge of infertility, understanding your ovulation cycle can help; however, it’s important to speak with us about some of the innovative infertility treatments offered at our Chapel Hill office or Durham office. We have helped hundreds of couples conceive by utilizing the latest state-of-the-art treatments and caring for both their physical and emotional needs.
We Offer Extensive Options for Both Infertility Treatment and Birth Control
We see patients at every stage of their lives. While some are trying to get pregnant, others may be looking for the most effective form of permanent birth control. Still, others may be entering menopause while some may be having their first gynecological exam.
At any stage of your life, we offer compassionate care that has made us a leader in the area for more than 40 years. We have locations in Chapel Hill and offer Durham gynecology and Durham obstetrics services. No matter what stage in your journey, we want to care for you throughout your life. See why our patients love our personalized approach to medicine. Schedule an appointment today.
For more than 40 years, Chapel Hill OBGYN has served women in the Triangle area, sharing the joy of little miracles and supporting them during challenges. Our board-certified physicians and certified nurse midwives bring together the personal experience and convenience of a private practice with the state-of-the-art resources found at larger organizations. To schedule an appointment, please contact us for more information.
Whether you are trying to conceive or want to avoid pregnancy without birth control, the timing of intercourse is important. You're most likely to conceive mid-cycle during ovulation. It's much less likely that you could get pregnant from having sex immediately before or during your period. But because many people have irregular menstrual cycles, perfect timing—to get pregnant or ensure you don't—can be tricky.
One thing is for sure: Conception can only occur during the time you're ovulating, about midway through your cycle. Ovulation lasts 12 to 48 hours, and eggs released from your ovaries during that time live for about a day. Sperm, meanwhile, can typically only survive in your reproductive tract for around 72 hours. That means that having sex from about four days before you ovulate to about one day after could result in pregnancy.
That six-day period during each menstrual cycle is known as your fertile window. Unfortunately, the timing of that fertile window can differ from person to person and even month to month. For that reason, while there are times of the month that make you more likely to conceive, there is a small chance you can get pregnant closer to your period than you think. That said, it's very unlikely to be pregnant if your period starts after sex.
What Is Ovulation?
Sex Immediately Before Your Period
By and large, your likelihood of conceiving right before your period is very low. Once you're a day or two before your period, the chances are that you've already ovulated and the released eggs are no longer viable, as they only live for about 24 hours.
Ovulation usually occurs several days to a week or more before menstruation begins: about midway between the first day of your last menstrual period (day 1 LMP) and the start of your next one.
A "typical" cycle is 28 days long, but many people have slightly shorter or longer cycles. In one study of 32,595 people, people with self-reported regular periods had menstrual cycles ranging from 23 to 35 days long. The most common day to ovulate is day 15 LMP.
If you are trying to be mindful of your cycles as a natural form of birth control, be aware there's a slight chance of pregnancy if you ovulate later in the cycle or simply miscalculate the dates of your next period. In one large study, even people who reported having regular menstrual cycles had a 6% chance of being in their fertile window on the day they expected their next period to begin.
The bottom line is that if you are trying to conceive, right before you expect your period would not be the best time to start. You can still enjoy sex, of course, but you are much more likely to get pregnant if you try again after your period.
What Is an Irregular Period?
A typical cycle is 28 days long, though some people might experience shorter or longer cycles—and it might not be the same every time. You're most likely to get pregnant during ovulation, which typically occurs about halfway through your cycle.
Sex During Your Period
The chances are pretty good that you will not get pregnant if you have sex during your period. Menstruation is the signal that the ovum was not fertilized or implanted, leading to a drop in hormone levels and the shedding of the uterine lining. Even if a sperm made it to an egg, which is very unlikely, the uterine lining would not be ready for implantation. So, during this stage in your cycle, your risk of pregnancy remains negligible.
However, the odds of conception during your period aren’t zero. If you have a very short cycle, ovulation may occur soon after your period. Given that sperm can live inside you for up to three days, having sex at the end of your period may lead to fertilization in the days following it. One study charting the most common conception days in the menstrual cycle shows that odds start to rise on day 7 LMP—just a week past your first day of bleeding.
It's also important to note that what you may think is a period might not be. An estimated 2.8% of people with periods have spotting around ovulation, which is actually when you are most fertile. In other cases, spotting may be implantation bleeding, a very early sign of pregnancy. Unlike a regular period, spotting in these circumstances is typically lighter in color and flow.
What Is Implantation Spotting?
Sex Right After Your Period
While you may assume that your odds of getting pregnant are slim in the first few days following your period, you are actually moving into a new fertility window. Researchers have shown that a person's chances of conception jump starting a week after the start of their last period and rise steadily after that, peaking around day 15 LMP.
Your odds of getting pregnant in the days just following your period rise when you have a shorter length between periods because that usually means you ovulate soon after your period ends. Research has shown that people with a 23-day menstrual cycle, for instance, have a 9% chance of ovulating on day 10 LMP. That means they are fertile—able to get pregnant—between six and 11 days after the start of their last period.
Remember, even when you are in your suspected fertile window, that does not mean you will necessarily get pregnant from sex. Structural problems with your uterus or fallopian tubes or issues with either your eggs or your partner's sperm can prevent conception and fertilization. If you are timing sex to get pregnant and having trouble after several months, consider talking to a fertility doctor about tests you can take to better understand how to maximize your chances of conception.
Can I Be Pregnant if I Got My Period?
Getting your period is one sure sign that you are not pregnant. It's even more reliable than a negative pregnancy test, which has the potential of being false. When your period comes, you are shedding the uterine lining that built up in case you were to get pregnant so that your body can prepare a new lining and ovulate again. This can't happen while you're pregnant.
That being said, it's possible to have some bleeding even if you are pregnant. Some women see minimal spotting about six to ten days after ovulation. One theory is that a small amount of bleeding can result when the embryo implants itself in the uterus, but there's not a lot of evidence to back that up.
Light spotting is not necessarily your period and could happen while you are pregnant. However, if you have gotten a positive pregnancy test result and you see any blood, it's a good idea to contact your provider. You could be having a miscarriage.
A Word From Verywell
It's very unlikely to be pregnant if you had sex and then got your period. Your chance of conceiving inches upward in the days following the end of your period. Doctors typically recommend that couples who are trying to have a baby have sex between days 7 and 20 of their menstrual cycle (counting from the first day of your last period).
On the other hand, if you don't want to get pregnant, you should avoid sex during that window, or better yet, use at least one method of birth control every time you have penis-in-vagina intercourse. This not only includes the days leading up to ovulation but on "safe" days during and around your period when the risk of pregnancy, however slight, still exists.
Whether getting pregnant is a goal or something you hope to avoid, it's always a good idea to talk to your doctor. They can help you better understand your body and your cycles, making sex more fun and less stressful no matter what stage of life you are in.