Section of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Show
Financial Disclosure: Anita Nelson: Agile Pharmaceutical (Consultant/Advisory Board, Other Research Support includes receipt of drugs, supplies, equipment or other in-kind support, Grant funding to conduct Phase III clinical trial); AMAG (Consultant/Advisory Board); American Regency (Consultant/Advisory Board, Speaker/Honoraria includes speakers bureau, symposia, and expert witness); Bayer HealthCare (Consultant/Advisory Board, Speaker/Honoraria includes speakers bureau, symposia, and expert witness); Evofem (Other Research Support includes receipt of drugs, supplies, equipment or other in-kind support, Grant funding to conduct Phase III clinical trial); Merck (Consultant/Advisory Board, Speaker/Honoraria includes speakers bureau, symposia, and expert witness); Sebela Pharmaceutical (Consultant/Advisory Board, Other Research Support includes receipt of drugs, supplies, equipment or other in-kind support, Grant funding to conduct Phase II and Phase III clinical trials). The other authors did not report any potential conflicts of interest. Obstetrics & Gynecology 135():p 97S-98S, May 2020. | DOI: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000664180.55208.d7
AbstractINTRODUCTION:The perfect-use failure rate of withdrawal for contraception is not informed by controlled clinical trials, but rather inferred by the presumption of sperm in the pre-ejaculate. Several studies comprising a range of collection and examination methods provide contradictory data, highlighting the importance of a review that summarizes previous evaluation methods and defines optimized research methods. METHODS:We included peer-reviewed literature indexed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science that evaluated the sperm content of pre-ejaculatory fluid as a defined outcome. Pre-ejaculate collection and evaluation methods were identified for each study, assessing strengths, limitations, and the validity of conclusions drawn from the findings. These findings were synthesized to provide optimal guidelines for evaluating the contributory risk of pre-ejaculate in contraceptive failure. RESULTS:Of six human trials examining the sperm content of pre-ejaculatory fluid, three concluded that sperm was absent from their samples, however small sample size and selection bias were present. Four studies examined dried preparations, which could not evaluate motility nor measure volume. Only two differentiated between pre-ejaculate and ejaculate. No studies reported on participant characteristics or behavioral antecedents that might influence collection of an uncontaminated sample. CONCLUSION:Previous pre-ejaculate research have methodological problems that limit the reliability of their findings. Future research should measure and examine wet and dry specimens, differentiate between pre-ejaculate and ejaculate, examine sperm for motility and concentration, as well as query for clinical factors associated with sperm leakage and presence in the pre-ejaculate. Findings via these methods will better inform guidance on pregnancy risk with pre-ejaculate and withdrawal. Yes, there is a chance that precum may contain sperm, so it’s possible to get pregnant even if full ejaculation doesn’t occur in the vagina. It’s perfectly natural to wonder whether you can get pregnant using the withdrawal method or even from genital contact. So, what is precum, and why may it contain sperm? Read on to learn about the sperm content in pre-ejaculatory fluid, and why using the withdrawal method is not an effective method of contraception. Table of Contents
1. What is precum?Precum, or pre-ejaculatory fluid in more scientific terms, is a lubricating fluid released from the penis during sexual arousal. It comes from the Cowper’s gland and the Glands of Littre, which connect to the urethra. These glands release an alkaline fluid that’s made up of mucus and enzymes. 2. Can precum contain sperm?The short answer is: It can. Even though pre-ejaculatory fluid itself doesn’t contain sperm, there is the possibility it comes into contact with sperm. Research shows that living sperm can leak into pre-ejaculatory fluid in men. One study found the presence of sperm in the pre-ejaculatory fluid of 16.7% of healthy men1. Whereas another study discovered that 41% of pre-ejaculatory samples from 27 men contained sperm2. Although these studies show that the amount of sperm present was low, there is still the chance of pregnancy. 3. What’s the withdrawal method?The withdrawal method, also known as the pull-out method or coitus interruptus, is when a man pulls out his penis during sex before ejaculating. The idea is that pulling out means the sperm won’t reach his partner’s egg, so this is used as a form of contraception. 4. Is the withdrawal method effective?No, it is not considered an effective form of contraception. Not only is there a chance that precum may become contaminated with living sperm, but the chances of getting pregnant are higher than other methods of contraception. Out of every 100 people using the withdrawal method as their only form of contraception, 20-27 of them will be pregnant within a year (about 1 in 5 women)3,4. It’s mostly ineffective because it’s a difficult method to use perfectly, as some men may not pull out in time. Some couples use the withdrawal method during the non-fertile days. However, you should be tracking your ovulation accurately, for example, by using an ovulation test, and only use the method after you’ve ovulated. However, there is still a risk of pregnancy when you use this method. 5. What about the risk of pregnancy from genital-to-genital contact?Although pre-ejaculatory fluid itself doesn’t contain sperm, motile sperm can leak into it. To minimize the risk of unwanted pregnancy and transmissions of STDs, play it safe and wear a condom prior to any genital contact.2 If you don’t want to get pregnant, you should always use an effective method of contraception, like an IUD (intrauterine device), contraceptive implants, the pill, condoms (which also protect you against STDs) etc. Talk to your healthcare provider about finding the right form for you. If you think you may be pregnant, take a pregnancy test. That way, you can rule out any anxiety you may have about whether you’re pregnant or not.
Read MoreHow to take a pregnancy test? Fertility myths and facts Early pregnancy symptoms Know right away If you think you might be pregnant, you need to know NOW. With our Ultra Early pregnancy tests, you can test 6 days before your missed period. Early pregnancy tests Am I pregnant (Quiz)?If you can't buy a pregnancy test right now, try our quick “Am I pregnant?” quiz to see if your symptoms might be an early clue. What are the odds of getting pregnant from Precum?According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the chance of conceiving from pre-cum is about 20% if you're using the withdrawal method. So, while it's low risk, it's not impossible.
Can sperm live in Precum?However, there are rare cases where living sperm can be present in the precum and conception subsequently possible. Precum is one reason that we suggest that all couples who are not trying to get pregnant use a condom the whole time there is penetration (when the penis enters the vagina).
Can my Precum impregnate?You can definitely get pregnant even if the guy pulls out before he comes. Guys can leak a bit of sperm out of the penis before ejaculation. This is called pre-ejaculate ("pre-cum"). So even if a guy pulls out before he ejaculates, a girl can still become pregnant.
What color is Precum with sperm?Pre-ejaculate (also called precum) is a clear, mucoid fluid that is made by the Cowper's glands. These glands sit alongside the urethra. Pre-ejaculate is secreted from the tip of the penis during sexual arousal.
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How to check if precum has sperm
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